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| === Telefonica ===
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| Telefonica is one of the Gernan's four MNOs. It had a revenue of 8.224 billion euros in 2022. The network operator currently has more than 99% 4G/LTE coverage across Germany. Additionally, its 5G currently covers more than 80% of German population. It plans to achieve nationwide 5G coverage by 2025. Its 4G/LTE customers enjoy network speeds of up to 225 Mbit/s.
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| ==== Its contract with 1&1 ====
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| Vantage Towers is Europe's largest tower company. It constructs, builds and rents out mobile towers or sites. Vantage Towers was formed in 2019 by Vodafone with the aim of using it to rent out its European mobile masts. It has operations in 10 markets in Europe and has around 82,000 sites. In the year ended March 2022, it generated a profit of €251 million before tax and had gross assets of €10.5 billion. Vantage Towers was IPOed in March 2021 at €12.1 billion euros valuation and an offer price of 24 euros. Its headquarters is in Düsseldorf, Germany. Vodafone has 81.7% stake in Vantage Towers. However, there is a joint venture deal that will see transfer of 40% of its stake to a Consortium by the first half of 2023. The deal will see Vantage Towers becomes less dependant on Vodafone, hence accelerating its growth potential.
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| In May 2021, 1&1 and Telefonica signed a long-term national roaming agreement. The roaming agreement "goes back to a commitment by Telefónica as part of the EU antitrust approval of the merger with E-Plus in 2014" and it has an initial term until 30 June 2025 when 1&1 can unilaterally extend it until 30 June 2029. Thereafter, 1&1 can request for an extension up to 30 June 2034. The contract notes, " the national roaming agreement provides for annually decreasing prices, which apply retroactively from July 2020 also to the ongoing MBA MVNO agreement." It adds, " The prices for the first extension option until June 2029 are determined by specific rules. In the period thereafter, Telefónica continues to be obliged to offer non-discriminatory prices."
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| "The start date for national roaming will be set by 1&1 Drillisch in parallel with the launch of the 1&1 Drillisch mobile network. From this date, all new customers and all 1&1 Drillisch customers migrated to 1&1 Drillisch's network will have access to 1&1 Drillisch's 5G network, and automatically non-discriminatory access to Telefónica's 2G and 4G mobile network via national roaming in areas not yet rolled out by 1&1 Drillisch. From 1 January 2026, access to 4G national roaming in Telefónica's mobile network will be limited to some extent in certain urban areas which will then be covered by 1&1 Drillisch's 5G network. However, in these areas a minimum coverage of national roaming of up to 50 Mbit/s is always ensured. The agreed national roaming services complement the exceptional innovation potential of 1&1 Drillisch's 5G network.
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| 1&1 Drillisch customers, who are currently activated on Telefónica's network, will step-by-step be migrated within a contractually agreed transition period following the launch of 1&1 Drillisch's 5G network and will continue to have 2G, 4G and 5G access to Telefónica's mobile network until then." Said the contract.
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